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Authors
Diel, Alexander
Pimpini, Leonardo
Marrazzo, Giuseppe
Mellis, Finley Sam
Weber, Niels
Lalgi, Tania Josan
Bäuerle, Laura
Teufel, Martin
Bäuerle, Alexander
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Essen
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Article History
Received: 20 April 2026
Accepted: 11 August 2026
First Online: 15 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics statement: The study was approved by the University of Duisburg-Essen Medical Faculty Ethics Committee in September 2025 (#25-12705-BO), and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and in compliance with the ethics committee’s relevant laws and institutional guidelines. Electronic informed consent was obtained from all participants who took part in this study.
Disclosure on AI tool use: Gemini-2.5-flash image was used to generate visual food stimuli. AI tools were not used for writing or editing the manuscript.
