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Authors
Wang, Haozhu
Wang, Yifan
Zhou, Jihong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82474262)
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2024A1515011748)
Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (SZZYSM202206014)
National Project for the Development of Key Specialties in Chinese Medicine (900)
Shenzhen Bao’an District Key Medical Discipline Development Funding
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Article History
Received: 25 May 2026
Accepted: 12 August 2026
First Online: 17 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The data used in this population-based study were obtained from a publicly available, de-identified database (SEER). Therefore, institutional ethical approval and informed consent from patients were waived.
Declaration of generative AI use: During the preparation of this work, the authors used Gemini 3.1 Pro to improve the language and readability of the manuscript. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.
