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Authors
Tao, Sixiang
Liu, Han
Tian, Xusheng
Pan, Tiande
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Anhui Province (2024AH053247)
Teaching Quality Project of Huainan Normal University (2025hsjyxm24)
National Social Science Foundation of China Youth Project (25CTY010)
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Article History
Received: 20 April 2026
Accepted: 13 August 2026
First Online: 15 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Academic Committee of Huainan Normal University (Approval No. 2025-087) in accordance with the relevant ethical guidelines and regulations for research involving human participants. The questionnaire was administered anonymously, participation was entirely voluntary, and completion and submission of the questionnaire were taken to indicate informed consent.
