Ogodor, Emmanuel Obichukwu
Chiadighikaobi, Paschal Chimeremeze https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4699-8166
Oyebode, Oluwadare Joshua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2792-146X
Onuoha, Chijioke Obumneme
Jean Paul, Vladimir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6560-0021
Gritsuk, Ilya Igorevich https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-7620
Anisimov, Andrei Alexandrovich https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5754-6568
Ng’andu, Prosper
Article History
Received: 9 March 2026
Accepted: 18 August 2026
First Online: 7 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: No ethics approval is required for the materials used in this study. The cow bone char used in this study is a waste product from animals slaughtered in an abattoir for a commercial meat facility. No human or animal data were used in this study.