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Authors
Kim, Gahee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2594-6543
Lee, Taek Jin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8912-6982
Kim, Ye Ji https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4611-455X
Choe, Young June https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2733-0715
Kim, Doo Ri https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-4043
Jo, Kyo Jin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4947-3672
Kim, Ye Kyung https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7145-8738
Lee, Younghee https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-4273
Eun, Byung Wook https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3147-9061
Lee, Hyunju https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0107-0724
Kim, Kyung-Ran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2557-3000
Kwak, Byung Ok https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0794
Suh, Woosuck https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7730-5772
So, Hyejin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-0452
Jo, Dae Sun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-9539
Choi, Soo-Han https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-3025
Yun, Ki Wook https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-6779
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
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Article History
Received: 14 May 2026
Accepted: 18 August 2026
First Online: 25 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics statement: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH 2401-016-1498) and by the IRBs of all the participating centers. All research was performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from the legal guardians of the participants, with additional assent from the participating children or adolescents when applicable. AI-assisted technology (a generative large language model) was used solely for language editing during the preparation of this manuscript. The authors take full responsibility for the scientific integrity and accuracy of all content.
