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Authors
Ayele, Brhane https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4749-4629
Gebreegziabher, Equbay https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0021-1742
Gebretnsae, Hailay https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-8810
Gezehagne, Kiros Weldegerima https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4900-4885
Beletse, Genet https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9386-9494
Wubet, Gebremedhin Gebre
Yigzachew, Shewit
Mengesha, Mulu Dagne https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5359-6034
Hagos, Hindeya Hailu https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9373-6504
Gebrekurstos, Gebrehaweria https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3132-950X
Amaha, Mebrahtom Hafte https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5343-289X
Esayas, Rieye https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1297-934X
Berihu, Tsegay
Haile, Amanuel
Woldearegay, Haftom Gebrehiwot https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-7853
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Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2026
First Online: 22 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical clearance: Ethical clearance for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Tigray Health Research Institute, with reference number THRI-001/57.8/2024. Before initiating data collection, verbal informed consent was secured from hospital managers to permit the inclusion of their respective facilities. Healthcare providers, who participated in the study, were also informed about the study objectives and procedures, and their verbal consent was duly obtained. The obtainment of verbal informed consent was approved by the aforementioned IRB. To uphold confidentiality, all individual-level data (records) were collected anonymously and stored in a password-protected folder on a secure computer. Access to the data was restricted to the research team to ensure data protection and privacy. The study was conducted in full alignment with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
