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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82504384)
the general program of Fujian Natural Science Foundation (2025J01759)
Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (JCYJ20230807142310022)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M741594)
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Article History
Received: 14 May 2026
Accepted: 18 August 2026
First Online: 27 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the NHS National Research Ethics Service (generic ethics approval for, approval letter dated 17 June 2011, Ref 11/NW/0382). All participants in this study provided written informed consent during the initial UK Biobank enrolment. This research adhered to the ethical guidelines of the UK Biobank for secondary data use. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under Application Number 217792.
