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Authors
Anindya, Kanya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6832-0412
Merlo, Juan
Lind, Lars
Jernberg, Tomas
Weinehall, Lars
Rosvall, Maria
Bendtsen, Marcus
Ng, Nawi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Gothenburg
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Article History
Received: 17 February 2026
Accepted: 18 August 2026
First Online: 25 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval: This study used secondary pseudonymised data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). The original SCAPIS data collection was approved by the ethics committee (Dnr 2010-228-31 M with supplements, EPN Umeå) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The secondary analysis was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Board (Dnr 2022-03205-01). All methods were performed in accordance with the Swedish Ethical Review Act and relevant data protection regulations (GDPR). Individual informed consent was not required as the data were pseudonymised prior to access.
Patient and public involvement: This study used pseudonymised national data and thus, patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting, or dissemination planning of the research.
