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Authors
Mali, Bahaa https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2845-1378
Mali, Ali https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7939-3625
Mali, Alaa https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1415-1450
Hammad, Mohammad https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0919-1541
Abu-hadid, Hadeel https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9309-142X
Abdulrazzak, Mohammed https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0807-9000
Jobran, Afnan W. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1068-2984
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2026
Accepted: 19 August 2026
First Online: 10 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted using anonymized data obtained from the publicly available Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. As the SEER database contains de-identified patient information, ethical approval was not required, and informed consent to participate was waived in accordance with institutional and national research ethics guidelines.
Consent: The data used in this research has been obtained from a publicly available dataset and does not contain any personally identifiable information.
