Jokar, Sara https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8712-4515
Sadooghi, Seyed Ehsan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4873-0905
Taleai, Mohammad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8419-4425
Article History
Received: 9 May 2026
Accepted: 25 August 2026
First Online: 21 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethics approval: Not applicable. This study did not involve direct participation of human subjects, human tissue, or identifiable individual-level human data. The analysis was based exclusively on publicly available, aggregated, and anonymized secondary data together with publicly available geospatial datasets. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Informed consent to participate was not required because no human participants were directly involved in this study.