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Authors
AbouOmar, Mahmoud S.
Ferik, Sami El
Eltayeb, Ahmed
Al-Quraishi, Maged S.
Alyazidi, Nezar M.
Ahmed, Gamil
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, as well as the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Smart Mobility and Logistics (INML2500.)
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Article History
Received: 15 December 2025
Accepted: 25 August 2026
First Online: 25 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
