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Article History

Received: 15 April 2026

Accepted: 26 August 2026

First Online: 4 September 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval: This study exclusively utilized a publicly available and pre-annotated dataset (UrSEC). The dataset contains professionally recorded speech data from actors and does not include any sensitive, personal, or identifiable information. According to institutional and international research guidelines, studies involving publicly available, non-sensitive, and anonymized datasets do not require additional ethical approval. All data collection and annotation procedures for the UrSEC dataset were conducted by the original dataset creators in accordance with applicable ethical standards.

Informed consent: The UrSEC dataset consists of speech recordings performed by professional actors. Informed consent was obtained by the original dataset creators from all participants involved in the recordings. The present study involves only secondary analysis of this publicly available dataset and does not involve direct interaction with human participants. Therefore, no additional informed consent was required for this research.