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Authors
Makkonen, Otto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9160-5424
Silvasti-Lundell, Marja
Lindroos, Ann-Christine
Virtanen, Kaisa
Mäkinen, Marja-Tellervo
Pesonen, Eero
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Viipuri Tuberculosis Foundation
Helsinki University Hospital Research Fund
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Article History
Received: 23 January 2026
Accepted: 28 August 2026
First Online: 20 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: Manufacturer of the ZHF temperature monitoring Bair-Hugger sensor (3 M, St Paul, MN, USA) offered temperature sensors to the investigators free of charge and lent the non-commercial data loggers. Otherwise, the authors do not have competing interest to declare.
Ethics approval: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee for Surgery of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland (diary number HUS/2903/2019 and HUS/3311/2024).
Consent to participate: Before recruitment, all patients and volunteers gave their written informed consent to participate in this study.
