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Authors
Oufkir, Ilham https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1129-3139
Rhalem, Naima
Bellimam, Moulay Ahmed
Asraoui, Abdelghani
Haddouchi, Arij El
Marrouh, Amina
Eljaoudi, Rachid
Abouali, Fatima
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
UM6SS
UNESCO
AMAD
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Article History
Received: 6 May 2026
Accepted: 31 August 2026
First Online: 19 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: This study received financial support from UNESCO, the Moroccan Anti-Doping Agency (AMAD), and UM6SS. The study was conducted as part of an AMAD-supported research project, and participant recruitment was conducted in part during AMAD-organized events. Three authors are affiliated with AMAD. The authors declare that no competing financial or personal interests influenced the conduct, analysis, interpretation, or reporting of this study.
