Šarac, Andrea
Kunej, Klemen
Manzoni, Kristina
Butina Ogorelec, Karen
Leben Zupet, Katja
Horvat, Simon
Pohar, Jelka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-164X
Smole, Anže https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7707-6634
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (Slovenian young researchers program)
The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (Project J7-4639)
The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (Research program P1-0245)
The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (Project J3-50109)
Public Scholarship, Development, Disability and Maintenance Fund of the Republic of Slovenia
Development pillar of stable financing of the NIB (Projects InTREGing and PureTreg)
ARIS, the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation, and the Recovery and Resilience Plan (MN-0013-105)
National Multiple Sclerosis Society (RFA-2508-45132)
Development pillar of stable financing of the National Institute of Biology (Project GD-Tools)
Article History
Received: 13 February 2026
Accepted: 31 August 2026
First Online: 20 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: A.S. is a co-inventor on PCT international patent applications by The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, which include discoveries and inventions related to cellular immunotherapies involving CAR- and TCR-engineered T cells, partially licensed to Tmunity Therapeutics/Kite Pharma/Gilead Sciences, from which A.S. received royalties. Other authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Ethics statement: All animal procedures were conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines, national regulations, and EU Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Procedures for spleen collection from surplus C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice were approved by the national ethics committee (Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Food Safety, Veterinary and Plant Protection) under permits U34401-32/2020/2 and U33401-32/2020/4.