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Authors
Milani, Omid Halimi
Nikho, Amanda
Mills, Lauren
Tliba, Marouane
Allareddy, Veerasathpurush
Ansari, Rashid
Cetin, Ahmet Enis
Atakan, Ahmet
Elnagar, Mohammed H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2332-9250
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
American Association of Orthodontists Foundation
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2026
Accepted: 31 August 2026
First Online: 23 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and informed consent: This research was a retrospective study utilizing archived data. All data used in the study were deidentified to ensure confidentiality. The University of Illinois Chicago’s Office for the Protection of Research Subjects (OPRS) Institutional Review Board (IRB) granted an exemption from the requirement for informed consent and provided IRB-exempt status to the study under Study ID STUDY2022-1048. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the University of Illinois Chicago’s OPRS and IRB.
