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Article History

Received: 25 August 2026

Accepted: 1 September 2026

First Online: 10 September 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics approval: This study involved the analysis of publicly available, de-identified human datasets and in vitro neuronal culture data. The authors collected no new human participant data. All in vitro procedures complied with applicable institutional and national ethical guidelines. Publicly available human datasets were used in accordance with the terms of the relevant databases, data-use agreements, and publication policies.

Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process: During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT solely for language refinement and readability improvement. After using this tool, the authors carefully reviewed and edited the manuscript as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article. The authors conceived, prepared, and finalized all scientific content, analyses, interpretations, conclusions, and figures.