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Authors
Hagag, Abdelmonam M. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1392-3505
Ghanem, Omar A. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1966-3705
Ezzat, Salma Adel https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4619-4389
Shehata, Ahmed Hany https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7890-527X
Akwaisah, Ayoub https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4446-2747
El Labban, Gannah S. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3491-0438
Radi, Ayoup Ahmed https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4499-842X
Abdelgadir, Mazin https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8595-7701
Ahmed, Gsemallah Abdo https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2602-6917
Heib, Daher https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4400-1201
Mosali, Talal Abo https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5571-5939
Al-labban, Ahmed M. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3584-3582
Benbrik, Omayma https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3248-5504
Elagrody, Ahmed I.
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2026
Accepted: 4 September 2026
First Online: 3 October 2026
<b>Declarations</b>
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
<b>Ethical approval</b>: We followed the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board (IRB) of each country as follows: ZU-IRB# 1580/5-Aug-2025 From Zagazig University IRB in Egypt, MUT 003 from Merowe University in Sudan, 2025(4) 8 from Sana’a University in Yemen, N° 128/2025 from Agadir University in Morocco, IRB25-087 from AlMaarefa University in Saudi Arabia, 25-3348 from University of Al-Qadisiyah in Iraq, and NBC:005.H.-25:11 from University of Benghazi in Libya.
Consent for participation: Before the commencement of the study, informed consent was obtained from each participant. They were informed about the aim of the study, the procedures involved, and any risks or benefits of the study. Also, they were informed that they could withdraw at any time from the study. We followed the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.
