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Authors
Bai, Zhaohui https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6206-7153
Hu, Xiaojuan
Li, Congcong
Chen, Zengrong
Sun, Ge
Qiu, Qi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University High level Research Special Project - Excellent Youth Project (2025AZA4008)
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Article History
Received: 3 July 2026
Accepted: 7 September 2026
First Online: 9 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
<b>Human ethics and consent to participate</b>: This study was an analysis of the third-party anonymized databases with preexisting IRB approval.
<b>Informed consent</b>: Patient consent was waived due to the MIMIC database was approved by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Institutional Review Boards.
