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Authors
Deleş, Bayram https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-240X
Aral, Neriman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9266-938X
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Article History
Received: 4 February 2026
Accepted: 11 September 2026
First Online: 13 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Educational Sciences at Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University on March 31, 2023 (Protocol No: 03/15). All procedures were conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, as well as the Declaration of Helsinki. Permission for the study was also obtained from the Ministry of National Education and the relevant school administrations. The scope and purpose of the study were explained to parents during face-to-face interviews. Subsequently, on January 24, 2025, informed consent was obtained from the parents and/or legal guardians of all participating children via signed written consent forms.
