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Authors
He, Yaxuan
Cao, Yu
Luo, Yanwei
Wang, Fang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82472977)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82671102)
Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2025JJ20083)
Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province (2024RC3066)
Changsha Distinguished Innovative Youth Training Program of China (kq2306025)
The Wisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (BJ202502)
The Wisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (YX202511)
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Article History
Received: 29 March 2026
Accepted: 11 September 2026
First Online: 16 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The CHARLS study adheres to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation. This study follows the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for observational research.
Consent for publication: All authors have read and approved the manuscript for submission to this journal. No part of this work has been published or is under consideration elsewhere.
