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Authors
Martín-San Juan, Adrián https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4904-1570
Cerrato Martín-Hinojal, Claudia
Martinez-Alborcia, Maria José
Nieto-Cristóbal, Helena
de Mercado, Eduardo
Álvarez-Rodríguez, Manuel
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas
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Article History
Received: 7 May 2026
Accepted: 11 September 2026
First Online: 26 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The sperm samples were provided by the AI center AIM Ibérica, León, Spain (Topigs Norsvin Spain SLU) in accordance with European (2010–63-EU; ES13RS04P, July 2012) and Spanish regulations (ES300130640127, August 2006) on the commercialization of seminal AI-doses, ensuring compliance with animal welfare and health standards.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
