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Authors
Valizadeh, Leili https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3422-112X
Loghman, Zahra Jafari https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4661-9617
Mirzaei, Alireza https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4242-2108
Nemati-Vakilabad, Reza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8016-8625
Shahmari, Mehraban https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2501-8667
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Article History
Received: 20 April 2026
Accepted: 16 September 2026
First Online: 20 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (Ethics Code: IR.ARUMS.REC.1403.388).
Consent to participate: We obtained written informed consent from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were fully informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, potential benefits, and risks. They were assured that participation was voluntary, that they could withdraw at any time without repercussions, and that their data would be kept confidential and anonymous.
