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Authors
He, Weide
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2026
First Online: 21 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics declarations: This study performed a secondary analysis of fully de-identified data from two public sleep cohorts: the MESA Sleep dataset hosted by the National Sleep Research Resource and the CAP Sleep Database hosted on PhysioNet. The original studies obtained ethics approval from their respective institutional review boards, and all participants provided written informed consent. No new data were collected and no identifiable personal information was accessed in the present study. According to the relevant institutional guidelines for secondary analysis of anonymized public data, additional ethics approval and consent were not required.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
