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Authors
Liu, Xiaodong
Liao, Qiwei
Wang, Shujian
Ren, Jinghua
Gao, Yuan https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3796-0737
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Projects of Department of Transport of Shandong Province of China (2024B88)
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2026
Accepted: 17 September 2026
First Online: 21 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
