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Authors
Chew, Han Shi Jocelyn
Wan, Su Wei
Liu, Xueling
Chia, Daryl Kai Ann
Ngooi, Jia Wen
Koh, Sky Wei Chee
Chew, Nicholas W. S.
Pang, Ning Qi
Aung, Myint Oo
Tham, Kwang Wei
Foo, Roger
So, Jimmy Bok-Yan
Shabbir, Asim
Lee, James Wai Kit
Sevdalis, Nick
Ngiam, Kee Yuan
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Article History
Received: 21 April 2025
Accepted: 18 September 2026
First Online: 5 October 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval: All procedures performed in studies were in accordance with the Institutional approval of the NUHS Research Office (ref: NUH-RNR-2024-0027). Based on the institutional Research De-identification Policy, ethics approval was not required as the research used anonymised data. No human participants were directly involved. Hence, the informed consent was not applicable.
Informed consent: Due to the retrospective aggregate de-identified nature of the study, NUHS Research Office (ref: NUH-RNR-2024-0027 waived the need of obtaining informed consent’ in the manuscript.
