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Authors
Yao, Pei
Xia, Shupeng
Zhang, Xiaoyu
He, Bing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
This research was funded by Scientific Research Planning Project of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission (2024SK110)
Youth Science Research Project of the Anhui Provincial Department of Education (2025AHGXSK40034)
Qingdao Binhai University Postdoctoral Innovation Practice-Based Funding Project
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Article History
Received: 21 May 2026
Accepted: 18 September 2026
First Online: 3 October 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval: All study procedures involving human participants followed the Helsinki Declaration. Prior to the commencement of the study, ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Tianjin University of Sport (Approval No.: TJUS-2025-095). Informed consent was obtained from all study participants.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by the Academic Ethics Committee of Tianjin University of Sport (Approval No. TJUS-2025-095).
Informed consent statement: Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
