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A multilevel meta-analysis of visual reasoning in multimodal large language models

Published Online: 2026-09-26

Authors

Sharma, Piyush

Sahni, Varsha

Khan, Rijwan

Gupta, Himanshu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4799-5693
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-09-26

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-09-26
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Article History

Received: 19 April 2026

Accepted: 21 September 2026

First Online: 26 September 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Artificial intelligence tools or algorithms, specifically for grammar, were used in the preparation of this manuscript. Furthermore, all figures and tables presented in this manuscript were originally created by the authors.

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