Hacker, Mallory L.
Tobias, Ella R.
Pazira, Kian
Kling, Haley
Kopaeva, Leeza
Venditti, Liliana
Nguyen, Han
Dong, Owen
Sharp, Sheffield
Davis, Thomas L.
Zald, David H.
Charles, David
Considine, Ciaran
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Aging (K01AG066971)
NCATS/NIH (UL1TR002243)
Article History
Received: 6 July 2026
Accepted: 21 September 2026
First Online: 5 October 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: ET, KP, HK, HN, LV, OD, SS report no conflicts of interest relevant to the manuscript. MH is a shareholder of and consultant for Arena Therapeutics, a company focused on advancing research of DBS for the treatment of patients recently diagnosed with PD and a consultant for AbbVie. TD is a consultant for AbbVie. DHZ receives royalties from Neumora Therapeutics and grants from NIH. LK is a consultant for Arena Therapeutics. DC is a shareholder of Arena Therapeutics and receives income from Aspen, Intrance, and AbbVie for consulting services. Vanderbilt University Medical Center receives income from AskBio, BlueRock, Neuron23, Motric Bio, and Biohaven for research led by DC.