San, Thida
Kirikae, Maiko
Soe, Pan Ei
Hom, Nang Sarm
Takei, Satomi
Tada, Tatsuya
Uehara, Yuki
Htoon, Thi Thi
Aye, Moe Myat
Tin, Htay Htay
Kirikae, Teruo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7114-769X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Charitable Trust Laboratory Medical Research Promotion Fund of Japan
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21KK07031)
Japan International Cooperation Agency (25jm0110026h0004)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
Article History
Received: 15 July 2026
Accepted: 21 September 2026
First Online: 3 October 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by: Institutional Review Board, Ministry of Health, The Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Approval number IRB/2023-16, IRB number: 2023-20); the ethics committee of Juntendo University (number 809); and Biosafety Committee, Juntendo University (approval nos. BSL2/29 − 1). The need for individual written informed consent was waived by the IRB because this study collected clinical bacterial isolates from a microbiology laboratory from Yangon Children’s Hospital, confidentially will be ensuring in data management, and the blood samples were not used in this study. Only anonymized data (age, sex, date of specimen collection, and specimen type) were collected and analyzed.