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Authors
Nasreldeen, Manasik
Mohamed, Toga K.
Babiker, Anas
Yousef, Bashir A.
Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar
Ahmed, Kannan O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1829-5615
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2026
First Online: 4 October 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines. The study received ethical approval (Ref No: KMOH-REC-024.2-2022) from the Sudanese Ministry of Health’s Review and Research Ethics Board, additional approvals were obtained from each hospital from which patients were recruited and data were gathered. A written informed consent was obtained from all the study participants prior to the data collection process. Additionally, permission to use the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) was obtained from the copyright holder, MMAS Research LLC.
