Hatem, Rasha Muzahem https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-0801
Kadhom, Mervat Kamel https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0479-0180
Almuoswi, Hadeel Jabar Neama https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4538-1866
Article History
Received: 25 July 2026
Accepted: 27 September 2026
First Online: 3 October 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. No individual participant’s personal data or identifiable images are included in this manuscript.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Scientific and Ethical Committee of the College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, under Reference Number 2891 and Approval Number 86. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. As this was an observational, non-interventional cross-sectional study, the protocol was not registered in a clinical trial registry.