Peng, Dongdong
Zhou, Tianjun
Hu, Sheng
Zheng, Jiayu
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2242203)
the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2242203)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41905070)
Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2025A04J4709)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2023A1515240067)
State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (LTO2311)
State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (LTO2311)
the China Meteorology Administration Key Innovation Team of Tropical Meteorology (CMA2023ZD08)
the China Meteorology Administration Key Innovation Team of Tropical Meteorology (CMA2023ZD08)
Guangdong Provincial Marine Meteorology Science Data (2024B1212070014)
Guangdong Provincial Marine Meteorology Science Data Center (2024B1212070014)
Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.