Hardiman, Steven C.
Scaife, Adam A.
Dunstone, Nick J.
Bett-Williams, Philip E.
Li, Chaofan
Wang, Lin
Funding for this research was provided by:
Met Office Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP) China project under the International Science Partnerships Fund (ISPF).
Article History
Received: 6 August 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 27 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.