Wang, Lei
Long, Junshui
Chen, Deliang
Li, Ning
Li, Xiuping
Yao, Tandong
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
Tsinghua University
Article History
Received: 22 October 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Competing interests
: Author L.W. is Associate Editor and D.C. is Editorial Board Member of npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. Both L.W. and D.C. were not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript.