Wang, Haoqian
Wen, Yifan
Wu, Jin
Cai, Runlong
Shen, Yicheng
Deng, Chenjuan
Li, Yuyang
Li, Yiran
Wu, Hao
Huang, Dandan
Cheng, Hairong
Yan, Chao
Gao, Jian
Zheng, Mei
Liu, Yongchun
Kulmala, Markku
Mao, Feiyue
Smith, James N.
Zhang, Shaojun
Hao, Jiming
Li, Xiaoxiao
Jiang, Jingkun
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22406024)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22376166)
the special found of State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex (SEPAir-2024080214)
Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan (2024040801020229)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2042025kf0047)
Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 8 January 2026
First Online: 23 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.