Tang, Tao
Shen, Wenqiang
Fu, Jiaolan
He, Ping
Qian, Hao
Luo, Ling
Funding for this research was provided by:
Open Fund Project for Heavy Rain (BYKJ2024Q24)
Special Project of Innovation and Development of China Meteorological Administration (CXFZ2023J021)
Meteorological Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2442204)
Joint Research Project for Meteorological Capacity Improvement (23NLTSZ007)
Key Innovation Team Project of China Meteorological Administration for Intelligent Forecasting Technology (CMA2022ZD04)
Article History
Received: 9 December 2025
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 6 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.