Kokkola, Tuukka
Sipkens, Timothy A.
Paul, Andreas
Shukla, Deeksha
Ihalainen, Mika
Das, Anusmita
Scott, Jason
Passig, Johannes
Kalamašņikovs, Aleksandrs
Etzien, Uwe
Fang, Zheng
Mikkonen, Santtu
Hartikainen, Anni
Luostari, Viljami
Mukherjee, Arya
Czech, Hendryk
Sklorz, Martin
Buchholz, Bert
Streibel, Thorsten
Hohaus, Thorsten
Rudich, Yinon
Øvrevik, Johan
Zimmermann, Ralf
Corbin, Joel C.
Sippula, Olli
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
European Union Horizon 2020 project ULTRHAS (955390)
Research Council of Finland “Black and Brown Carbon in the Atmosphere and the Cryosphere” (341597)
Research Council of Finland “Black and Brown Carbon in the Atmosphere and the Cryosphere” (341597)
Research Council of Finland “Black and Brown Carbon in the Atmosphere and the Cryosphere” (341597)
Research Council of Finland “Black and Brown Carbon in the Atmosphere and the Cryosphere” (341597)
Research Council of Finland “Black and Brown Carbon in the Atmosphere and the Cryosphere” (341597)
Research Council of Finland “Black and Brown Carbon in the Atmosphere and the Cryosphere” (341597)
Transport Canada
Research Council of Finland “Competitive funding to strengthen university research profiles [PROFI] for the University of Eastern Finland” (352968)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - SFB 1477 “Light-Matter Interactions at Interfaces” (441234705)
Article History
Received: 15 October 2025
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.