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Authors
Karbalaee, Melika https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7414-5937
Lin, Ally
Peruzzotti-Jametti, Luca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9396-5607
Pluchino, Stefano https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-9472
Mozafari, Sabah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8166-2465
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Evelyn Trust (24/08 Med-24-2313)
Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla (2018/R/14)
Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla (FIMS 2018/R/14 and 2022/R-Single/011)
National Multiple Sclerosis Society (1802-30200 and RFA-2203-39318)
National Multiple Sclerosis Society (RG 1802-30200 and RFA-2203-39318)
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Article History
Received: 20 August 2025
Accepted: 19 March 2026
First Online: 17 April 2026
Competing interests
: S.P. is founder, chief scientific officer and shareholder (>5%) of CITC Ltd. The other authors declare no competing interests.
