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Article History

Received: 28 March 2025

Accepted: 2 July 2025

First Online: 24 July 2025

Competing interests

: D.N. has nothing to disclose. R.K. has received research funding from Boehringer Ingelheim, Debiopharm, Foundation Medicine, Genentech, Grifols, Guardant, Incyte, Konica Minolta, Medimmune, Merck Serono, Omniseq, Pfizer, Sequenom, Takeda, and TopAlliance and from the NCI; as well as consultant and/or speaker fees and/or advisory board/consultant for Actuate Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bicara Therapeutics, Inc., Biological Dynamics, Caris, Datar Cancer Genetics, Daiichi, EISAI, EOM Pharmaceuticals, Iylon, LabCorp, Merck, NeoGenomics, Neomed, Pfizer, Precirix, Prosperdtx, Regeneron, Roche, TD2/Volastra, Turning Point Therapeutics, X-Biotech; has an equity interest in CureMatch Inc.; serves on the Board of CureMatch and CureMetrix, and is a co-founder of CureMatch. J.J.A. serves on the advisory board of CureMatch Inc. and serves as a consultant for datma. R.N.E. receives institution research support from AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Eisai, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD), and Novocure; Consulting and advisory fees from AstraZeneca, Cardiff Oncology, Clovis Oncology, Eisai, Elevar Therapeutics, GSK/Tesaro, ImmunoGen, Inc., Seagen, Mersana, Myriad, Daichi Sankyo, PMV, Gilead, Onconova, Elevar Therapeutics, Regeneron, Repare Therapeutics, and Incyte. R.N.E. personally received payment for lectures and presentations from AstraZeneca, GSK, Immunogen, Merck, MSD, Medscape, CURIO, Great Debates and Updates. Additionally, R.N.E. serves in a leadership role as GOG Associate Clinical Trial Advisor as well as Scientific and Medical Advisor to Clearity Foundation. J.K.S. receives consultant fees from Deciphera, Aadi and Grand Rounds; serves as a consultant for CureMatch, received speakers’ fees from Deciphera, La-Hoffman Roche, Foundation Medicine, Merck, QED, Daiichi Sankyo, and SpringWorks; and owns stock in Personalis and CureMatch. S.M.L. is a co-founder io9 LLC. S.K. serves as a consultant for Aadi Bioscience, Medpace, Foundation Medicine, NeoGenomics and CureMatch. He receives speaker’s fee from Chugai, Roche/Genentech and Bayer, and advisory board for Pfizer. He has research funding from ACT Genomics, Sysmex, Konica Minolta, OmniSeq, Personalis and Function Oncology. No disclosures were reported by the other authors.