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Article History

Received: 27 May 2025

Accepted: 7 July 2025

First Online: 8 August 2025

Competing interests

: C.V.: reports equity, intellectual property rights, professional services, and activities (uncompensated) from Paige. AI, Inc. (outside of the submitted work). F.P.: reports membership of the scientific advisory board of MultiplexDx, reports consultancy fees for AstraZeneca, and is a member of their diagnostic advisory board (outside of the submitted work). M.E.A.: reports consulting for Janssen Global Services, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Roche, Merck, and Biocartis (outside of the submitted work). M.L.: reports having received honoraria for advisory board participation from Merck, AstraZeneca, Bayer, stock options for advisory board participation from Paige. AI, Inc., and research support from LOXO Oncology, Merus, Elevation Oncology, Helsinn Healthcare SA, ADC Therapeutics, and Rain Oncology (outside of the submitted work). In addition, M.L. is eligible for royalties from a license agreement between MSKCC and Sophia Genetics concerning MSK-IMPACT (outside of the submitted work). H.Y.W. reports personal fees from AstraZeneca and Daiichi Sankyo (outside of the submitted work). D.S.R. reports personal fees from AstraZeneca and Daiichi Sankyo (outside of the submitted work). The rest of the authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.