Song, Pengfei
Shen, Chao
Fan, Zhen
Yin, Feiyu
Wu, Yonghuang
Liu, Fangjin
Zhao, Chengqian
Zeng, WenWen
Xie, Xuan
Wu, Guoqing
Yang, Bojie
Shi, Zhifeng
Yu, Jinhua
Funding for this research was provided by:
National natural science foundation of China (82372096)
National Key R&D Program of China, MOST (2023YFC2510000)
AI for Science Foundation of Fudan University (FudanX24AI038)
Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Explorer Project (24TS1410600)
Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Accepted: 6 September 2025
First Online: 23 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University(ethics number:2015-256). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the committee due to the retrospective nature of the study.