Osawa, Takahiro
Matsubara, Nobuaki
Kato, Taigo
Shiota, Masaki
Nishimoto, Koshiro
Abe, Takashige
Shinohara, Nobuo
Yasumizu, Yota
Tanaka, Nobuyuki
Oya, Mototsugu
Abutani, Hikaru
Oda, Takaaki
Fujisawa, Takao
Nakamura, Yoshiaki
Sivakumar, Smruthy
Eto, Masatoshi
Yoshino, Takayuki
Nonomura, Norio
Funding for this research was provided by:
Seagen
Genomedia
Guardant Health AMEA
Guardant Health
Tempus Labs
Roche Diagnostics
Daiichi Sankyo
Chugai Pharmaceutical
Amgen
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Eisai
FALCO biosystems
Medical & Biological Laboratories
Merus N.V.
Molecular Health GmbH
MSD
Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim
Ono Pharmaceutical
Pfizer Japan
Sanofi
Sysmex Corporation
Taiho Pharmaceutical
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
Article History
Received: 31 December 2024
Accepted: 4 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interests, except as listed below: The authors declare the following potential conflicts of interest: Takao Fujisawa has received honoraria from Amelieff Co. Ltd. and AstraZeneca. Yoshiaki Nakamura has received honoraria from Guardant Health Pte Ltd., MSD K.K., Eisai Co., Ltd., Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Merck Biopharma Co., Ltd., CareNet, Inc., Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Becton, Dickinson and Company, and Guardant Health Japan Corp.; has served in consulting or advisory roles for Guardant Health Pte Ltd., Natera, Inc., Roche Ltd., Seagen, Inc., Premo Partners, Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Exact Sciences Corporation, and Gilead Sciences, Inc.; and has received research funding from Seagen, Inc., Genomedia Inc., Guardant Health AMEA, Inc., Guardant Health, Inc., Tempus Labs, Inc., Roche Diagnostics K.K., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Takayuki Yoshino has received honoraria from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Merck Biopharma, Bayer Yakuhin, Ono Pharmaceutical, and MSD K.K.; has served in a consulting or advisory role for Sumitomo Corp.; and has received research funding from Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, FALCO biosystems, Genomedia, Medical & Biological Laboratories, Merus N.V., Molecular Health GmbH, MSD, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer Japan, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi, Sysmex, Taiho Pharmaceutical, and Takeda Pharmaceutical. Smruthy Sivakumar is an employee at Foundation Medicine, Inc. with an equity interest in Roche. Hikaru Abutani is an employee at Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Takaaki Oda is an employee at Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.