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Article History

Received: 5 June 2025

Accepted: 5 November 2025

First Online: 26 November 2025

Competing interests

: N. Herranz is currently an employee of Evotec; this work was pursued while he was an employee of VHIO; Evotec was not involved in this study. J.S.d.B. has served on advisory boards and received fees from many companies including Abbvie, Acai Therapeutics, Amgen, Amunix, Astellas, Bayer, Bioxcel Therapeutics, Celcuity, Crescendo, Daiichi, Dark Blue Therapeutics, Duke Street Bio Limited, Dunad Therapeutics, Eikon Therapeutics, Endeavor Biomedicines INC, Genentech/Roche, GSK, Macrogenics, Merck Serono, MetaCurUm, Moma, Morphosys, Myricx, Novartis, Nurix Therapeutics, Nuvation Bio, One-Carbon Therapeutics Inc, Oncternal, Orion, Page Therapeutics, Peptone, Pfizer, Takeda, Tango Therapeutics, Tubulis GmbH, and VIR Biotechnology. He is an employee of The ICR, which have received funding or other support for his research work from AstraZeneca, Cellcentric, Crescendo, Daiichi, Immunic Therapeutics, MetaCurUm, Morphosys, Myricx, Nurix Therapeutics, Oncternal, Orion, and Sanofi Aventis. The ICR have a commercial interest in abiraterone, PARP inhibition in DNA repair defective cancers and PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors (no personal income). JDB was named as an inventor, with no financial interest, for patent 8,822,438, submitted by Janssen that covers the use of abiraterone acetate with corticosteroids. JDB is a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator. The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. J. Mateo has served as advisor for AstraZeneca, Amunix/VIR, Bayer, Daichii-Sankyo, Janssen, MSD; Pfizer and Roche; he is a member of the scientific board for Nuage Therapeutics and is involved as investigator in several pharma-sponsored and investigator-initiated clinical trials of PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer. The remaining authors declared no competing interests.