Kim, Gwangil
Kang, Beodeul
Hong, Jung Yong
Kang, Haeyoun
Kim, Jung Sun
Hwang, Sohyun
Lee, Sung Hwan
Jung, Sang Hoon
An, Chansik
Lee, Won Suk
Oum, Chiyoon
Park, Gahee
Kang, Mingu
Lim, Yoojoo
Oh, Jin Woo
Ali, Siraj M.
Ock, Chan-Young
Kim, Chan
Lim, Ho Yeong
Chon, Hong Jae
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2023R1A2C2006375)
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2023R1A2C2004339)
Article History
Received: 4 June 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Competing interests
: H.J.C holds consulting or advisory roles with Eisai, Roche, Bayer, ONO, MSD, BMS, BeOne, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi, Servier, AstraZeneca, and IMBdx, and has received research grants from Roche, BeOne, Guardant Health, Servier, HANDOK Inc., Dong-A ST, and Boryung Pharmaceuticals. C.O., G.P., M.K., Y.L., J.W.O., S.M.A., and C.-Y.O. are employees of Lunit Inc. and/or equity holders of the company. Lunit Inc. provided the AI technology used in this study. All other authors declare no competing interests.