Document is current

Article History

Received: 16 June 2025

Accepted: 10 December 2025

First Online: 6 January 2026

Competing interests

: O.M. reports writing aid from Merck and Roche, and travel aid from Almirall, Kyowa Kirin, and Recordati. D.G. reports honoraria for lectures from LEO Pharma. T.G. reports disclose lectures/educational activities G.S.K., and travel expenses Pfizer, Reddy’s, BMS, MSD. M.A.V.S. reports grants from Pfizer, honoraria for lectures from Novocure and Servier, and advisory board from Servier. M.C.H. reports consulting fees from Genomic Health, payments for expert testimony from Novartis, Daichii-Sankyo, Pfizer, Gilead, Astra-Zeneca, travel expenses from Lilly, fizer, Daichii-Sankyo, Novartis, Astra-Zeneca, Roche. M.G. reports writing aid Merck Sharp & Dohme, Bayer, Pfizer, Ipsen Pharma and travel aid from Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Astellas, Pfizer, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Bayer, and Lilly. M.M.G. reports consulting fees from Gilead, Novocure, Seagen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Celgene, and Lilly, travel aid from Pfizer, Roche, Gilead, Astra Zeneca-Daiichi Sankyo, and participation on the Advisory Board of Gilead, Novocure, Seagen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Celgene, and Lilly. M.D. reports grants from Roche, honoraria for lectures from BMS, and travel aid from Takeda and Lilly. J.C. reports consulting fees from Astellas Pharma; AstraZeneca; Bayer; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Exelixis; Ipsen; Johnson & Johnson; MSD Oncology; Novartis (AAA); Pfizer; Sanofi, payment or honoraria for lectures from Astellas Pharma; Bayer; Johnson & Johnson; Sanofi, and support for attending meetings from BMS, Ipsen, Roche, AstraZéneca, Bayer. R.D. reports grants from Merck, Novartis, Daiichi-Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline, and AstraZeneca; consulting fees from Roche, Foundation Medicine, and AstraZeneca; payment or honoraria for lectures from Roche, Ipsen, Amgen, Servier, Sanofi, Libbs, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Lilly, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Takeda, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, and Gilead; and holds stocks in Trialing Health. J.M. reports grants from Cantex and IDP Pharma, consulting fees from Cantex, GSK, Servier, and Novocure, payment or honoraria for lectures from GSK and Novocure, travel aid from Pfizer, and participation on Advisory Board of Cantex and G.S.K. M.V. reports. C.B. reports support for attending meeting from Servier and payment or honoraria as for DSMB member by Laminar Pharmaceuticals. The rest of the authors declare no conflicts of interest.