Huang, Xu
Xu, Zeyan
Zhao, Yingnan
Wang, Ying
Liu, Yu
Hu, Wei
Zhao, Ke
Yao, Lisha
He, Jiahui
Yu, Yifan
Deng, Tianpeng
Wu, Lei
Zhang, Wu
Liang, Changhong
Liu, Zaiyi
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (No. 82402228)
National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (No. 82402270)
National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (No. 82202267)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82272088)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82472051)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82271941, 82471947)
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application (No.2022B1212010011)
Article History
Received: 1 July 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 5 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.