Yang, Changchun
Dai, Weiqian
Zhang, Yilan
Chen, Siyuan
Hu, Jingdong
Su, Junkai
Chen, Yuxuan
Xu, Ao
Li, Na
Gao, Xin
Yu, Yongguo
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Research Administration (REI/1/5234-01-01)
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Research Administration (REI/1/5234-01-01)
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Research Administration (REI/1/5234-01-01)
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Research Administration (REI/1/5234-01-01)
Center of Excellence for Smart Health (5932)
Center of Excellence for Smart Health (5932)
Center of Excellence for Smart Health (5932)
Center of Excellence for Smart Health (5932)
Center of Excellence on Generative AI (5940)
Center of Excellence on Generative AI (5940)
Center of Excellence on Generative AI (5940)
Center of Excellence on Generative AI (5940)
National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2022YFC2703400)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82271904)
Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Informatization (No. 2025_GZL_RGZN_01036)
Cross Biomedical Engineering of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (No. 25X010301330)
Climb-B program of Shanghai Xinhua Hospital (No.XKPF2024B102)
Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.