Document is current

Article History

Received: 9 February 2026

Accepted: 29 May 2026

First Online: 13 June 2026

Ethics

Competing interests: S.C., P.C., A.H., D.M., J.R.R., J.H., and D.S. are employees of Caris Life Sciences with stock and/or stock options in the company. H.S. (for last two years): Consulting: Blueprint medicines, Dewpoint Therapeutics, Zola Therapeutics; Honoraria: Uptodate; Research funds: Astrazeneca. MJP (for last two years): Consultant/Ad Hoc Advisory: Merus, Serna Bio, Revolution Medicines, Boerhinger Ingelheim; Steering Committee: Astellas, RenovoRx; Travel: Merus, Revolution Medicines; Stock: Perthera; Research funding (to institution): Arcus Bio, Ideaya, Repare Tx, Novartis, Pfizer, Merck, Tizonia, Amgen, Boerhinger Ingelheim, Astellas, Actuate, MEI Pharma, Elevation Oncology, Recursion Pharma, Eli Lilly, Parabalis. BG: Consulting/Travel: Agenus, Lilly, Pfizer. TSB: Research Funding (to institution): Agios, Arys, Arcus, Atreca, Boston Biomedical, Bayer, Eisai, Celgene, Lilly, Ipsen, Clovis, Seattle Genetics, Genentech, Novartis, Mirati, Merus, Abgenomics, Incyte, Pfizer, BMS, Revolution Medicine; Consulting (to institution): Servier, Ipsen, Arcus, Pfizer, Seattle Genetics, Bayer, Genentech, Incyte, Eisai, Merus, Merck KGaA, Revolution Medicines, Merck; Consulting (to self): Stemline, AbbVie, Blueprint Medicines, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Daiichi Sankyo, Natera, Takeda, TreosBio, Celularity, Caladrius Biosciences, Exact Science, Sobi, Beigene, Kanaph, Astra Zeneca, Deciphera, Zai Labs, Exelixis, MJH Life Sciences, Aptitude Health, Illumina, Foundation Medicine, Sanofi, Glaxo SmithKline, Xilio and RYGHT Ai; IDMC/DSMB: The Valley Hospital, Fibrogen, Suzhou Kintor, AstraZeneca, Exelixis, Merck/Eisai, PanCan and 1Globe; Scientific Advisory Board: Imugene, Immuneering, Xilis, Replimune, Artiva, Sun Biopharma; Royalties: Uptodate; Patents: WO/2018/183488: HUMAN PD1 PEPTIDE VACCINES AND USES THEREOF – Licensed to Imugene, WO/2019/055687: METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER CACHEXIA – Licensed to Recursion. D.V.H.: Stock/Ownership: Medtronic, SynDevRx, United Healthcare, Stromatis Pharma, Systems Oncology, StingRay, Halia Therapeutics, Lycia Therapeutics, (3+2) Pharma, AcuViz, Blossom Hill, Elevance Health; Consulting/Advisory Role: Imaging Endpoints, CanBas, Lixte Biotechnology, TD2, Phosplatin Therapeutics, SOTIO, Immunophotonics, Novita Pharmaceuticals, Sirnaomics, AiMed Bio, Pfizer, ImmuneOncia, Viracta Therapeutics, AlaMab, Xerient, Lycia Therapeutics, EXACT Therapeutics, ImagineAB, SignaBlok, Compass Therapeutics, Sellas Life Sciences, SMP Oncology, Red Arrow Therapeutics, Soley Therapeutics, Invios GmbH, Peptomyc, Remunity, Panavance Therapeutics, CyMon Bio, Bryologyx, Moleculin Biotech, EnGeneIC, Race Oncology, Autonomix, Econic Biosciences, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Diaknons Research, Improve Bio, Duo Oncology, ImmuVia, WUGEN Inc, Origin Commercial Advisors, Civala, Immuneering, SHY Therapeutics; Research Funding (to institution): Minneamrita Therapeutics; Patents/Royalties: Intramedullary Catheter, Methods of Human Prostate Cancer. I.A.: Consulting/Advisory Role: Caris Life Sciences. P.A.P.: honoraria: Revolution Medicine, Corcept, Incyte; Consulting/Advisory Role: Novocure; DSMB: J-Pharma, Oncolytic Bioscience; Research Funding: G.E., Novartis, BMS, Taiho Pharmaceutical. P.J.H.: Consulting/Advisory Role: Fibrogen, Betaglue Therapeutics, Revolution Medicines.