Document is current

Article History

Received: 28 November 2025

Accepted: 12 June 2026

First Online: 26 June 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare the following competing interests. J.M. has received honoraria from Targeted Oncology, DAVA Lung, and IDEOlogy; has served on advisory boards for Merus, Partners, Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, Genentech, Regeneron, and EMD Serono; has consulted for Daiichi Sankyo; and holds stock in Open Medicine Corp. R.M. has held consulting/advisory board roles (within the past 3 years) with AstraZeneca, Merus NV, Catalyst Pharmaceuticals, and Daiichi Sankyo. A.R. has served on advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Agilent, AbbVie, and Danaher. J.G. has received honoraria and travel support, and a research grant (to the institution), from Summit Therapeutics. J.W.R has received grants (to the institution) from Merck, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Revolution Medicines, IO Biotech, Summit Pharmaceuticals, Nuvalent, Pfizer, Blossom Hill, and Prelude Therapeutics; consulting fees from ArriVent, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Regeneron, Catalyst, Janssen, BMS, Genentech, Amgen, GSK, Replimmune, Oncohost, Bicycle Therapeutics, Nuvalent, Taiho, Verastem, Merck, Boehringer Ingelheim, Natera, and Revolution Medicines; and is a board member of the Association of Northern California Oncologists. M.Al has received research funding (to the institution) from GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Verismo Therapeutics, Lyell, BioNTech, Henlius, Regeneron, and Vivace; has served on advisory boards for GlaxoSmithKline, Shattuck Labs, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Insightec, Regeneron, Genprex, and Lyell; has received speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Nektar Therapeutics, SITC, and Regeneron; and has participated on the safety review committee for the Nanobiotix–MD Anderson Alliance and for Henlius. C.K. has received research funding (to the institution) from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Regeneron, Johnson & Johnson, Genentech, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, MacroGenics, Boehringer Ingelheim, ORIC Pharmaceuticals, BlossomHill Therapeutics, EMD Serono, Pheon Therapeutics, and Taiho Oncology; and has held consulting/advisory board roles (within the past 3 years) with AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Regeneron, Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, PineTree Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bicycle Therapeutics, Bayer, Onviv, Bio-Thera, Molecular Partners, Partner Therapeutics, Natera, Guardant, EMD Serono, Mariana Oncology, Nuvation Bio, Delfi Diagnostics, Pfizer, CARIS, and Henlius. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.